Winter driving can turn treacherous in an instant, especially when snow and ice blanket the roads. Losing traction isn’t just inconvenient; it’s dangerous, leading to slips, slides, and potentially serious accidents. For anyone venturing into snowy mountain passes, icy backcountry trails, or even just navigating a severe winter storm at home, understanding how to maximize your vehicle’s grip is absolutely essential.
That’s where tire chains come in. These often-misunderstood pieces of gear are a lifesaver, providing the bite your tires need when regular tread simply isn’t enough. They can mean the difference between getting stuck for hours and safely reaching your destination.
This comprehensive guide from FatBoysOffroad will walk you through everything you need to know about preparing for, installing, and using tire chains. We’ll demystify the process, ensuring you can confidently tackle snowy conditions and keep your wheels rolling, whether you’re a daily commuter, a weekend adventurer, or an avid off-roader. Learning how to put on car chains correctly is a skill every driver should possess.
Why You Need Tire Chains (And When to Use Them)
Tire chains are specialized traction devices designed to fit over your vehicle’s tires. They provide superior grip on snow, ice, and even mud where standard tires, including winter tires, might struggle. Think of them as giving your tires “teeth” to dig into slippery surfaces.
They are crucial for safe travel in many winter conditions.
Understanding Different Types of Chains: Cable vs. Link
Not all tire chains are created equal. You’ll primarily encounter two main types:
Cable Chains (Snow Cables): These are lighter and often easier to install. They consist of steel cables wrapped in a rubber or plastic sheath, with small metal traction elements.
- They offer good traction for light snow and icy conditions.
- Often preferred for passenger cars due to less potential for damage to wheel wells.
- Generally have a lower speed rating than link chains.
Link Chains (Traditional Chains): These are the classic, heavy-duty chains made of interconnected metal links.
- They provide superior traction in deep snow, slush, and extreme ice.
- More durable and robust for demanding conditions, including off-road use.
- Can be a bit more challenging to install and may require more clearance.
When Chains Are Mandatory or Recommended
Many states and provinces have chain control laws, especially in mountainous regions. You’ll often see signs indicating when chains are required.
Always carry chains if you plan to drive in areas prone to heavy snow or ice. Even if not legally mandated, they are a wise safety precaution.
Off-roaders tackling snowy trails will find link chains indispensable for maintaining momentum and control.
Essential Gear Before You Learn How to Put On Car Chains
Preparation is key to a smooth and safe chain installation. Don’t wait until you’re stuck in a blizzard to realize you’re missing a vital tool.
Tools and Supplies for Chain Installation
Gather these items and keep them in your vehicle’s winter kit:
- Your Tire Chains: Ensure they are the correct size for your tires. Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual for recommended chain types and tire sizes.
- Work Gloves: Essential for protecting your hands from cold metal, sharp edges, and grime. Waterproof gloves are a bonus.
- Small Tarp or Kneeling Pad: You’ll be on the ground, and snow or slush is cold and wet.
- Headlamp or Flashlight: If you’re installing chains in low light or darkness, this is non-negotiable.
- Bungee Cords or Chain Tensioners: Many modern chains come with integrated tensioners. If yours don’t, separate bungee cords help keep the chains snug and prevent slippage.
- Pliers or Multi-tool: Handy for adjusting small links or fixing minor issues.
- Small Shovel: To clear snow around your tires if you’re already stuck.
- Reflective Vest or Warning Triangles: For safety if you’re installing chains on the side of a road.
Pre-Installation Checks and Preparation
Before you even think about putting chains on, do these quick checks:
Practice at Home: The absolute best advice is to practice installing your chains in your driveway before you ever need them in an emergency. This builds confidence and reveals any issues.
Check Tire Size: Confirm the chains match your tire size. This is usually printed on the tire sidewall (e.g., P265/70R17).
Inspect Chains: Look for any broken links, twisted sections, or excessive wear. A damaged chain can fail or harm your vehicle.
Vehicle Clearance: Consult your owner’s manual. Some vehicles, especially those with low-profile tires or limited wheel well clearance, may not be suitable for chains, or may only allow specific types.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Put On Car Chains Like a Pro
This is where the rubber meets the road—or rather, where the chains meet the snow. Follow these steps carefully to ensure a secure and effective installation. Learning how to put on car chains properly is a critical skill.
Preparing Your Vehicle for Chain Installation
- Find a Safe Spot: Pull over to a safe, level area away from traffic. If on a road, activate your hazard lights.
- Engage Parking Brake: Always apply your parking brake firmly to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
- Put On Gloves: Protect your hands from the cold and sharp metal.
Laying Out the Chains Correctly
- Untangle Chains: Lay each chain out flat on the ground in front of the tire you’re working on. Ensure there are no twists or kinks. The smooth side of the chain should face the tire, and the traction links should face outwards.
- Identify Inner and Outer Edges: Most chains have a distinctive inner and outer edge. The inner cable or chain often has a different color or clasp mechanism.
Connecting the Inner Cable/Chain
- Slide Under Tire: Carefully slide the inner part of the chain (the cable or the section designed to go behind the tire) under the tire. Position it so both ends emerge on either side of the tire.
- Reach Behind Tire: Reach around the back of the tire and connect the two ends of the inner cable/chain. This can be the trickiest part, especially on larger tires or with limited clearance. Ensure it’s connected securely.
- Center the Chain: Once the inner connection is made, pull the chain up and over the tire, centering it as best as you can. The chain should drape evenly across the tread.
Wrapping the Outer Chain and Fastening
- Connect the Top: Start by connecting the top link or fastener on the outer edge of the chain. This provides a good starting point for tensioning.
- Work Downwards: Systematically connect the remaining outer links or fasteners. You want the chain to be as snug as possible without forcing it.
- Use the Tightest Possible Connection: If there are multiple connection points, choose the one that allows the tightest fit.
Securing and Tensioning the Chains
- Apply Tensioners: If your chains don’t have integrated tensioners, attach bungee cords or separate tensioners. These typically form a star pattern across the wheel, pulling the chain tightly onto the tire.
- Check for Snug Fit: The chain should be tight enough that it doesn’t flop around, but not so tight that it’s difficult to install or damages the tire. You should be able to slide a finger between the chain and the tire.
The Crucial Check Drive
After installation, drive a very short distance (about 1/4 mile) at a slow speed (5-10 mph). Then, pull over to a safe spot and re-check the chains.
They often loosen slightly after the initial rotation. Re-tension them if necessary. This step is critical for preventing chain failure or damage to your vehicle.
Troubleshooting Common Chain Installation Problems
Even with practice, you might encounter issues. Don’t get frustrated; most problems have simple solutions.
Chains Not Fitting or Too Loose/Tight
Too Loose: Double-check all connections. Ensure you’re using the tightest possible link. Add or re-position bungee tensioners to pull the chain tighter.
Too Tight/Won’t Connect: Ensure the chain is fully untangled and centered on the tire. Sometimes deflating the tire slightly (then reinflating after installation) can give you just enough slack. Make sure you bought the correct size for your tires.
Twisted Chains: Lay the chain completely flat on the ground and untwist it before attempting to install. A twisted chain will never fit properly.
Dealing with Broken or Damaged Chains
If a link breaks while driving, pull over immediately. Driving with a broken chain can cause severe damage to your fender, brake lines, or suspension components. Remove the damaged chain. If you have spares, install a new one.
If you’re deep in the backcountry, carrying a chain repair kit (extra links, pliers) can be a lifesaver. Park rangers or experienced adventurers might also carry such tools.
Safely Removing Your Tire Chains
Removing chains is generally easier than installing them.
- Find a Safe Spot: Again, pull over to a safe, level area.
- Engage Parking Brake: Always.
- Remove Tensioners: Disconnect any bungee cords or external tensioners first.
- Unfasten Outer Connections: Unhook all the outer fasteners or links.
- Disconnect Inner Cable/Chain: Reach behind the tire and unhook the inner connection.
- Slide Off: The chain should now slide off the tire and onto the ground.
- Clean and Store: Shake off excess snow and dirt. Clean and dry them thoroughly before storing them to prevent rust.
Driving with Tire Chains: What You Need to Know
Installing chains is only half the battle. Knowing how to drive with them is equally important for safety and preventing damage.
Speed Limits and Driving Habits with Chains
Slow Down: This is paramount. Most manufacturers recommend a maximum speed of 25-30 mph (40-50 km/h) when chains are installed. Exceeding this can cause chains to break, fly off, and damage your vehicle or others.
Smooth Inputs: Avoid sudden acceleration, hard braking, or sharp turns. Drive smoothly and anticipate stops and turns well in advance.
Listen to Your Vehicle: Pay attention to any unusual noises or vibrations. A clanking sound might indicate a loose or broken chain. Pull over and inspect immediately.
Maintain Distance: Increase your following distance significantly to allow for longer stopping distances on slick surfaces.
When to Remove Chains
Remove your chains as soon as you are off the snowy or icy roads. Driving on dry pavement with chains will rapidly wear them out, damage your tires, and can negatively affect handling. It’s also illegal in many areas once chain control is lifted.
If you’re transitioning between paved roads and off-road trails, only put them on when you truly need the extra traction.
Chain Maintenance and Storage Tips
Clean Thoroughly: After each use, clean your chains with water to remove salt, dirt, and road grime. Salt is particularly corrosive.
Dry Completely: Hang them to dry completely before storing. Rust is the enemy of tire chains.
Lubricate (Optional): Some users apply a light coat of WD-40 or similar lubricant to prevent rust, especially on hinge points.
Store Properly: Keep them in a sturdy bag or container in your vehicle. This keeps them from tangling and protects your car’s interior.
Inspect Annually: Before winter hits, pull out your chains and inspect them for any wear, damage, or rust. Replace them if they are compromised.
Frequently Asked Questions About Car Chains
Here are some common questions we get about tire chains.
Can I use chains on AWD/4WD vehicles?
Yes, absolutely! In fact, chains can significantly enhance the already superior traction of AWD and 4WD vehicles in extreme conditions. Always check your owner’s manual for specific recommendations on which axle to chain (usually the drive axle, often the front for most AWD, or all four for serious off-roading).
Do chains damage tires or rims?
If installed correctly and driven at appropriate speeds, chains should not damage your tires or rims. However, improperly installed, loose, or broken chains can cause significant damage to tires, wheels, fenders, and even brake lines. That’s why careful installation and the check drive are so important.
What’s the difference between chains and cables?
As discussed, chains (link chains) are heavy-duty metal links offering maximum traction and durability. Cables (snow cables) are lighter, typically made of steel cables wrapped in rubber, offering good traction for lighter conditions and easier installation. Cables generally have lower speed limits and are less durable than link chains.
Are chains legal everywhere?
No. Chain laws vary by state, province, and even specific mountain passes. Always check local regulations before traveling into snowy areas. Some areas mandate chains during certain conditions, while others prohibit them on clear roads. Know before you go!
Equipping yourself with the knowledge of how to put on car chains and use them safely is an investment in your winter driving confidence and security. Don’t let snow and ice hold you back from your adventures or daily commute. Practice these steps, carry the right gear, and you’ll be ready for whatever winter throws your way.
Stay safe and stay comfortable out there, no matter the weather!
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